Chapter 9 9/26

In this chapter, the authors discuss the four main kinds of speech that play a role in our thinking. The first type of speech described is metaphoric, which is what we do most of our thinking in. This type of speech is based on analogy and similarity, where we talk about one thing in terms of another. Another type of speech is simile, which is a weaker form of an analogy. The third type of speech is metonymy, which is based on association. As we grow up, we learn to associate certain things with other things. An example of this would be associating the NIKE symbol with athletics. Another example of metonymy is associating a Rolex watch with wealth. A form of metonymy in which a part is used to stand for the whole, or the whole for a part, is called synecdoche. The example given in the book involving synecdoche describes how when we think of the Pentagon, we think of the entire military.